Fire compartmentation is the practice of dividing a building into smaller, fire-resistant sections or “compartments.” This is achieved using fire-resistant walls, floors, ceilings, and other barriers that are designed to contain a fire in the area where it starts for a set period. This containment prevents the fire and its by-products—smoke, heat, and toxic gases—from spreading to other parts of the building, providing a crucial window of time for occupants to evacuate safely.
How it Works
Effective fire compartmentation relies on a combination of built-in measures:
- Fire-Rated Walls & Floors: These are constructed from materials specifically tested to resist fire for a set duration (e.g., 30, 60, or 120 minutes).
- Fire Doors: These are specialized doors that maintain the integrity of a fire compartment where there is a necessary opening. They must be fitted with a self-closing mechanism to be effective.
Fire-Stopping Measures: Any gaps or voids in fire-rated structures, such as those created by pipes, cables, or ducts, must be sealed with fire-stopping materials to ensure the barrier remains complete.